Cardiac catheterization (heart cath or arteriogram) is an examination used to diagnose heart disease and evaluate the condition of the heart. A catheter (a thin flexible tube) is inserted into an artery and/or vein in the arm or groin area. The catheter is then carefully threaded into the heart using X-ray images called fluoroscopy to guide the insertion. When the catheter is in place, dye is injected to visualize the structures and vessels within the heart.

If the study does not show significant blockages or if intervention is not elected at this time, the catheter will be removed. If the study shows blockage(s) within the coronary arteries, the cardiologist may choose one or more methods to open the blockage(s). Generally, all of the methods involve placing small devices into your coronary arteries.

How is the test performed?
The test is performed in a special room (catheterization lab) containing x-ray devices, cameras, and TV screens. The patient lies on a flat table. An IV (Intravenous catheter) will be placed in a vein in the arm to enable the administration of medications during the procedure. After cleansing and numbing the site with a local anesthetic, the cardiologist inserts the catheter through a small incision in an artery or vein in the arm or groin. Using x-ray images to guide the insertion, the catheter is then carefully threaded into the heart. Once the catheter is in the proper position, the fluoroscopy is used to illuminate the structures of the heart and its arteries. Several pictures are taken with the x-ray machine as the fluoroscopy travels through the heart and arteries. The images are projected onto a TV or video screen so that the doctor can view the heart and arteries during the test.

Why is the test done?
The test is done to evaluate heart functions, blood supply, congenital heart anomalies, cardiac valvular disease and to determine the need for cardiac surgery or other treatment.